Final answer:
The mountainous terrain of Greece led to the formation of isolated city-states with distinct cultures, while the extensive coastline facilitated maritime trade and naval strength. These features significantly shaped the political, economic, and cultural landscape of classical Greece.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two geographic features that significantly impacted the development of classical Greece were its mountainous terrain and its extensive coastline. The mountainous terrain led to the formation of isolated city-states (polis), as the mountains served as natural barriers between different regions.
This geographical separation enabled the development of individual city-states, such as Athens and Sparta, each with its own government and culture. As a result, Greek society was insular, with loyalties centered around one's polis.
The extensive coastline of Greece and the presence of numerous islands facilitated maritime trade and colonization. The Greeks established trade routes and founded colonies throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. This helped spread Greek culture and led to a flourishing economy.
The coastline also contributed to Greek naval prowess, as seen during the Persian Wars, and limited encounters with places beyond Greece's immediate maritime routes due to the Carthaginian control of the straits of Gibraltar.