Final answer:
The cities with the given coordinates are London and Melbourne.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The coordinate 0°78' West is not valid because the minutes value cannot exceed 60. However, if it was meant to be 0°8' West, it would represent a location along the prime meridian. This line passes through Greenwich, London, so the city with these coordinates would be London.
2. The coordinate 51° North, 0° East represents a location in the United Kingdom. These coordinates intersect at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, which is known as the prime meridian. So, the city with these coordinates is also London.
3. The coordinate 38° South, 145° East represents a location in Australia. The latitude indicates a position in the southern hemisphere, and the longitude indicates a position to the east of the prime meridian. Therefore, the city with these coordinates is Melbourne, Australia.