Final answer:
A nation is defined by geographers as a group of people sharing common culture, history, and language in a specific territory, thus Germany (e) is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you asked about geographers' definition of a nation has a simple answer. When geographers speak of a nation, they refer to a group of people who are connected by a common culture, history, and often a common language, inhabiting a particular territory.
Among the options you provided, the most accurate example of a geographically-defined nation is (e) Germany. Germany is recognized as a nation or a nation-state because it is a sovereign country with a predominantly German population sharing a common culture, history, and language.
Brazilians are people from Brazil, which is a country, but the term does not refer to the nation itself. Asia is a continent, not a nation. The Republic of Congo is a sovereign country and could be considered a nation-state. However, since 'Brazilians' is a nationality and not the official name of the country, Germany is the most suitable answer. Lastly, California is a state within the United States of America, not a sovereign nation.