Final answer:
The U.S. Constitution established Federalism as the basic government principle by dividing powers between the national and state governments, ensuring a balance of power and shared governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basic government principle established by the U.S. Constitution's division of government powers between the national and state governments is known as Federalism. Federalism creates a system where the power to govern is shared, with some responsibilities designated to the national government and others reserved to the states.
This structure allows for a balance of power which helps prevent any one entity from becoming too powerful, ensuring that states have the freedom to govern within their borders while still forming a united nation under the overarching federal system.