Final answer:
The correct comparison of probabilities suggests that children have a significantly higher chance of experiencing side effects from the drug than adults do, with children at 40% and adults at 12%. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to compare the probabilities is: a) P(side effects|child) = 0.40, P(side effects|adult) = 0.12, Conclusion: Children have a much greater chance of having side effects than adults. This is because the probability of a child experiencing side effects, given that they are part of the test group, is significantly greater than that of an adult.
An interpretation of the probabilities indicates that 40% of the children showed side effects, while only 12% of the adults did, which represents a higher likelihood for children to experience side effects from the drug.
The probability of a child having side effects (P(side effects|child)) is 0.40, and the probability of an adult having side effects (P(side effects|adult)) is 0.12.
To compare the probabilities, we can see that the chance of a child having side effects is higher than the chance of an adult having side effects. Therefore, the conclusion is that children have a much greater chance of having side effects than adults.