Final answer:
a) The Renaissance was a period of artistic and intellectual growth, characterized by a resurgence in humanism and a significant push towards rediscovering classical antiquity. In contrast, the so-called Dark Ages were viewed by the humanists as a time of cultural stagnation. Hence, the correct answer is the Renaissance was a time of growth, distinguishing it from the Dark Ages.
Step-by-step explanation:
The distinct differences between the Renaissance and the period preceding it, commonly referred to as the Dark Ages, lie in the cultural, intellectual, and artistic changes that occurred. In contrast to the so-called Dark Ages, which were seen by Renaissance humanists as a period of cultural stagnation following the fall of Rome, the Renaissance was characterized by a significant resurgence in art, science, and literature. This period was dubbed a 'rebirth' as it sought to rediscover and build upon the cultural and intellectual achievements of ancient Greece and Rome.
During the Renaissance, there was a renewed interest in humanism, which emphasized the value of human potential and achievements. This shift led to advancements in various fields including art, where works transitioned from utilitarian to aesthetically captivating creations, science, where the earth was no longer seen as flat, and the realization that it orbits the sun. The Renaissance also paved the way for individualism and promoted social and economic changes, ushering in a burgeoning middle class with the resources for leisure and luxury goods.
The correct answer to the question of how the Renaissance differed from the Dark Ages is: a) The Renaissance was a period of artistic and intellectual growth, while the Dark Ages were marked by cultural stagnation.