Final answer:
Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man' argues for inherent natural rights, utilizes emotion and logic rhetorically, is set in the Enlightenment context, and profoundly influences political thought and the principle of governments' duties to their citizens.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man is a fundamental text for understanding the evolution of democratic principles. A) In summary, Paine's key arguments emphasize that natural rights are inherent and inalienable, countering the idea that rights are privileges granted by a charter. B) Paine uses various rhetorical devices, such as appeals to reason and emotional appeals to underscore the logical and moral imperatives of his argument for natural rights. C) The historical context of The Rights of Man is rooted in the Enlightenment era, where political thought shifted from divine right to the idea of social contracts and popular sovereignty influenced by philosophers like John Locke. D) The impact of The Rights of Man on political thought was profound, advocating the principles that influenced the American Revolution and laying the groundwork for the concept of a government's duty to its people and the right to overthrow oppressive governments.