Final answer:
The Society of Jesus, founded during the Counter-Reformation, is also known as the Jesuits. They were established by Ignatius of Loyola and focused on education, missionary work, and serving as advisers to Catholic rulers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Society of Jesus, a religious order founded during the Counter-Reformation, is also called the Jesuits. This order was established by Ignatius of Loyola and played a significant role in the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation by focusing on education, conversion efforts, and advising European rulers.
They were instrumental in spreading Catholicism and set up missions in various parts of the world, including New France where they attempted to convert the native inhabitants. Unlike other orders, such as the Franciscans or the Dominicans, the Jesuits did not maintain a female branch; instead, groups like the Ursuline order of nuns undertook the education of young women.