Final answer:
The descendants of Abraham who established the kingdom of Israel and saw the Exodus as a demonstration of their God's power are the Israelites. Abraham originally came from Mesopotamia, and the Hebrew Bible documents their history including the Exodus and settlement in Canaan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The group of direct descendants of Abraham that established the kingdom of Israel and believed the Exodus showed that their God had the power to save a whole nation are the Israelites (c). This period of their history is known as the Exodus, and it is when they fled Egypt and returned to Canaan, led by Moses. Once back in Canaan, after a series of conflicts with the inhabitants including the Philistines, they established the kingdom of Israel under the kings such as Saul and David.
According to the Hebrew Bible, Abraham, the first patriarch of the Hebrews, came from Mesopotamia (c) — specifically the city of Ur — in about 1900 BCE, leading the Hebrews to become wandering herders.
The Hebrews, a Semitic-speaking Canaanite people, have a rich history that is documented in the Hebrew Bible, including their oppression in Egypt and eventual Exodus, their settlement in Canaan, and conflicts leading up to and following the formation of the united monarchy of Israel.