Final answer:
The states from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 that had NOT been part of it are the Western European states: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania. All other states listed were once Soviet Socialist Republics. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the states that emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ones that had NOT been part of the Soviet Union are the Western European states listed as option d) Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania. All other options offered in the question include states that were once part of the USSR.
Specifically, the Eastern European states (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine), the Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan), the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), and the Caucasus states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) were all once Soviet Socialist Republics within the Soviet Union before gaining independence after its collapse.
It is important to note that while Moldavia was part of the Soviet Union, it changed its name to Moldova upon becoming an independent nation. Czechoslovakia separated peacefully into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia, and Yugoslavia, which was never a part of the Soviet Union, violently disintegrated into several different states.
Hungary and Romania, like Czechoslovakia, were independent states that were influenced by the Soviet Union during the Cold War but were not part of it.