Final answer:
In 'The Horizontal World' by Debra Marquart, ethos is exemplified by the author's use of personal experience, knowledge of North Dakota, and integration of reliable sources to establish authority and credibility on the subject of the horizontal landscape of the Midwest.
Step-by-step explanation:
In “The Horizontal World,” Debra Marquart effectively utilizes ethos to establish her credibility and appeal to the audience's sense of trust. For examples of ethos in literature, we can refer to the characterizations and qualifications of an author or characters within a narrative, as seen in A Worn Path with Eudora Welty's character Phoenix Jackson. Ethos is often built on the author's presentation of research, expertise, and balanced argumentation, as highlighted by references to respected figures, fair language, or construction of a trustworthy expert persona. In The Horizontal World, Marquart would establish ethos by presenting her knowledge or connection to the subject, often highlighting her background, her research, or integrating authoritative sources that lend weight to her reflections on the rural Midwest landscape.