Final answer:
African Americans faced segregation and Jim Crow laws during 1775-1900, which led to disenfranchisement and separate, inferior public facilities. The Plessy v. Ferguson case reinforced segregation, deeply affecting civil rights and contributing to social and economic inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Discrimination Against African Americans (1775-1900)
During the period of 1775 to 1900, African Americans faced significant discrimination, including suffering under Jim Crow laws and widespread segregation. These Jim Crow laws enforced the segregation of public facilities and limited the rights of African Americans mainly in the Southern states. African Americans were also subject to disenfranchisement, preventing them from voting and exercising their political rights.
Segregation manifested in separate schools, transportation, and public accommodations, among others, where facilities for African Americans were invariably inferior. The United States Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson solidified segregation by upholding the principle of 'separate but equal,' greatly undermining the intent of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. African Americans faced not only legal discrimination but also social and economic challenges which included violence, lynching, and economic competition that exacerbated racial tensions.