Final answer:
Snowball's disdain for humanity in 'Animal Farm' is seen as contemptible as it risks undermining animal unity and common goals. Ethical considerations in animal research stress the importance of humane treatment and the moral obligation to respect non-human entities. The question embodies themes of political allegory and animal welfare in literary and philosophical discourse.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to Snowball's view of humanity in the context of the story 'Animal Farm' by George Orwell. The most accurate answer to why Snowball's view on humanity is contemptible, even if humans may be their enemies, is option b. Snowball's view undermines the animals' unity and goals. This is because, within the narrative, all animals are striving for a collective effort to establish an independent and self-sustained society, away from human oppression. Snowball's views, if viewed contemptibly, could be seen as diverging from or threatening this collective vision. It is crucial to remember that, in 'Animal Farm', the portrayal of characters and their ideologies reflect broader political and social commentary.
Regarding the ethical considerations of animal research, it acknowledges that while animals cannot consent to research, stringent ethical standards and precautions must be taken to ensure their humane treatment. This includes minimizing pain and discomfort, providing proper care, and only conducting research when the benefits outweigh the risks to the animals involved. Humane treatment and respect for the welfare of animals in research are imperative due to the moral considerations regarding our interactions with non-human entities.
Lastly, examples of distorted human-animal relationships, such as those propagated by the Nazi leaders or the philosophical stances that disregard the intrinsic value of nonhuman entities, highlight a need for evolving moral and ethical frameworks that consider the rights and welfare of animals, in both research contexts and broader environmental ethics.