Final answer:
The question seems to contain a mistake as none of the given options (8, 2, 4, 16) when used as a denominator with a numerator of 2 would yield a fraction equivalent to 16. Mathematically, the correct denominator would be 32 to make the fraction equal to 16, which is not one of the offered answers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the concept of fractions in mathematics which involves a numerator and a denominator. The denominator in a fraction is the number below the fraction bar that shows how many equal parts the item or quantity is divided into. To determine what equals the missing number in the fraction where the numerator is 2 and the denominator makes the fraction equivalent to 16, we must find a number that when divided by 2 gives us 16.
This can be done by reversing the division that is implied by the fraction:
Unknown denominator / 2 = 16
To find the unknown denominator, we multiply both sides by 2:
Unknown denominator = 16 × 2
Unknown denominator = 32
However, the options provided (8, 2, 4, 16) do not include the number 32. There seems to be a confusion in the way the question has been phrased. If the question was seeking which of the provided numbers when used as a denominator with a numerator of 2 would yield a fraction equivalent to 16, it would be option (a) 8. Because 2 divided by 8 equals 0.25, and multiplying 0.25 by 16 gives us 4, which is not the aim here. Thus, it appears to be a mistake in the question, or there may be additional context required to choose an appropriate answer from the given options.