Question

The state of Nature has a law of Nature to govern it, which obliges every one, and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. Revolt is the right of the people." Who would have disagreed with these beliefs?

a. Monarchs who believed in divine right
b. Philosophers who advocated for democracy
c. Supporters of the absolute rule of kings
d. Advocates of constitutional monarchy

Answer 1

Those disagreeing with Locke's natural rights philosophy would include monarchs who believed in divine right, supporters of absolute monarchy, and philosophers like Jeremy Bentham who denied the existence of natural rights without legal frameworks.

Step-by-step explanation:

The beliefs stated refer to the natural rights of equality, and the notion that government's purpose is to serve the people, who in turn have the right to revolt against oppressive rulers. These ideas are characteristic of the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke. Individuals or groups who would have disagreed with these beliefs include:

• Monarchs who believed in the divine right to rule, asserting that their authority came directly from God, thus making them unanswerable to the people.
• Supporters of the absolute rule of kings, who favored a political system where a monarch has total control over the government and the lives of the people, often without constitutional limits to their power.
• Philosophers like Jeremy Bentham, who argued against the existence of inalienable natural rights outside of legal systems established by society.