Final answer:
The system of choosing civil servants was reformed to prevent corruption, prevent favors from lobbyists, and promote competition. The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission and brought about a merit-based system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system of choosing civil servants was reformed to prevent corruption, prevent favors from lobbyists, and promote competition. In order to address the negative aspects of political patronage, the Pendleton Act of 1883 was passed, establishing the Civil Service Commission. The act emphasized open, competitive examinations and a merit-based system to ensure that government positions were awarded based on qualifications rather than political connections.