Final answer:
The Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, which allows the judiciary to invalidate government actions that are unconstitutional. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The precedent established by the Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison is B) the principle of judicial review. This principle states that the judicial branch has the power to review and nullify the actions of the other branches of government if they are found to be unconstitutional.
In the landmark decision of 1803, under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, the court asserted this power, reinforcing the influence and independence of the judiciary within the U.S. government. The correct option is B.