Final answer:
The properties typically used first when identifying a mineral are color, hardness, and crystal form. These are easily observable and do not require expensive equipment. Luster and streak are also used, especially the latter for metallic minerals. The correct option is B) Color, hardness, and crystal form.
Step-by-step explanation:
When identifying a mineral, the properties that are typically used first are color, hardness, and crystal form. These factors do not require high-tech equipment and can provide quick insights into a mineral's identity. Color is the most straightforward to observe, with some minerals like quartz coming in various colors. However, it's not always diagnostic due to these color variations. Hardness is another key characteristic and is often tested by seeing if the mineral can scratch glass or is scratched by items of known hardness. Additionally, the mineral's crystal form, or the arrangement in which the mineral's crystals grow and are shaped, can be used for identification.
Luster describes how light interacts with the surface of a mineral, and it involves assessing whether the mineral exhibits a metallic or non-metallic appearance. Streak is the color of the mineral in its powdered form and is observed by scratching the mineral across a ceramic streak plate. It can be particularly useful for identifying metallic minerals.
Other properties such as cleavage, which is the way a mineral breaks along certain planes, can also be observed without specialized equipment. Using simple tools like a flashlight can help determine if a mineral exhibits cleavage by the way it reflects light on its surface. The correct option is B) Color, hardness, and crystal form.