Final answer:
Group 1 elements lose one electron, group 14 elements gain 4 electrons, and group 17 elements gain 1 electron to form ions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elements of group 1 (such as Na) lose one electron to form an ion with a positive charge. Elements of group 14 (such as P) gain 4 electrons to form an ion with a negative charge. Elements of group 17 (such as Cl) gain 1 electron to form an ion with a negative charge.