Question

When DNA is exposed to things like radiation and X-rays, will it have no effect on the nucleic acids?

A) True
B) False

Answer 1

False, Exposure to radiation, such as X-rays and gamma radiation, can indeed affect DNA by causing breaks in the DNA backbone and modification of bases, potentially leading to harmful mutations, cancer, and other damage if not properly repaired.

Step-by-step explanation:

Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma radiation, can cause both single and double-stranded breaks in the DNA backbone. This happens through the formation of hydroxyl radicals on radiation exposure. Ionizing radiation can also lead to the modification of bases, such as the deamination of cytosine to uracil.

Radiation exposure is a significant concern because it can lead to a variety of DNA damages. This includes affecting the cell's ability to reproduce normally, altering protein synthesis, and potentially leading to cancer cell generation due to the damaged DNA.

Cells do have mechanisms for repairing DNA damage, but this ability can be overwhelmed or compromised. The integrity of DNA is crucial for the correct functioning of the organism. If the damage occurs at a rate faster than it can be repaired, or if the repair mechanisms fail, this can lead to mutations that may be harmful or, in rare cases, beneficial.