Final answer:
Between 1800 and 1812, the U.S. government enacted the Indian Intercourse Acts to manage relations with Native tribes and imposed economic sanctions on Great Britain, which ultimately led to the War of 1812.
Step-by-step explanation:
The federal government's response to the challenges posed by both Great Britain and American Indians between 1800 and 1812 involved a variety of strategies. When dealing with the Indian nations and the continuing frontier violence, the government adopted the Indian Intercourse Acts which prohibited unregulated trade between Indians and Americans and established that only the federal government could license traders to buy Indian lands. This policy was confirmed by the Supreme Court in the Johnson v. M'Intosh case. Meanwhile, President Thomas Jefferson sought to create alliances with the Indian nations through treaties to assure the security of the United States and to gain land as well as promote trade.
As for the disputes with Britain, efforts were aimed at addressing trade issues and British aggression. The rising tensions due to British restrictions on American trade and the impressment of American sailors led to the declaration of the War of 1812. Prior to the war, one of the federal government's measures to counteract British policies was the imposition of economic sanctions, which included the Embargo Act of 1807 that restricted trade with Great Britain. Though not entirely successful, these sanctions aimed to assert American rights and sovereignty.