Final answer:
Based on the French Revolution, the ideal example of an ideology that developed and challenged dominant thinking is the rise of Enlightenment ideals, which contested the absolutist monarchy in France. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau proposed ideas of natural rights and a government based on the consent of the governed, ultimately leading to the social and political movement culminating in the French Revolution. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of when an ideology developed and challenged the dominant way of thinking, based on the French Revolution, is (A) The rise of Enlightenment ideals challenging the absolutist monarchy in France. The Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau introduced critical concepts such as natural rights and the idea of a government that derives its power from the consent of the governed, fundamentally contradicting the established notion of divine right monarchies.
Their ideas contributed to the conditions that led to the French Revolution, with the Third Estate, especially the educated bourgeois, embracing principles like liberty, equality, and brotherhood.
During the 18th century, the Enlightenment facilitated a monumental shift in thinking within Europe. Traditionally accepted ideas of absolute monarchy, the divine right of kings, and a rigid social structure were questioned and replaced by beliefs in social and legal equality, constitutional monarchies, and republics.
These transformative beliefs laid the foundation for political upheavals, including the French Revolution, which reflected the ideals of national identity and social justice prompted by the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and science.
The introduction of the Enlightenment to the societal forefront culminated in an ideological battle against the long-established monarchial systems in France, leading to a major political transformation known as the French Revolution. The events of 1789 were propelled by the ideological foundation set by these thinkers, as they encouraged a society wary of tyranny and supportive of individual rights and freedoms.