Final answer:
Personnel in uniform typically stand at attention and salute during the Pledge of Allegiance and the national anthem, following military protocol. Other actions such as kneeling or sitting quietly are civilian behaviors and not standard for uniformed personnel.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the Pledge of Allegiance or the national anthem is being recited, personnel in uniform typically follow the military protocol which is to stand at attention and salute if they are outdoors, or stand at attention without saluting if they are indoors (unless under arms). This practice is a formal display of respect and loyalty to the flag and the country it represents. The other options provided, such as kneeling in silent protest, sitting quietly with hands over hearts, or reciting the pledge or anthem loudly, are generally associated with civilian behavior and are not the standard practice for uniformed personnel during such ceremonies.
Court rulings in the United States uphold the right that students cannot be compelled to recite or salute during the Pledge. The freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment allows individuals, including those in the military, the right to choose whether to engage in patriotic displays. However, military members, while in uniform, are expected to adhere to military customs and courtesies during the national anthem and Pledge of Allegiance.