Final answer:
The revolution occurring during the Victorian era was the Industrial Revolution. It brought major technological and social changes by introducing mechanized production and leading to urbanization as well as the advent of democratic reforms and the rise of socialism in response to the new industrial society. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The revolution that was going on during the Victorian era was the Industrial Revolution, which fundamentally transformed manufacturing, industry, and societal structures. Originating in Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution introduced significant advancements like the steam engine, the power loom, and the steam locomotive.
These innovations marked a transition from manual labor to mechanized processes, enabling mass production and fostering economic growth. The era was characterized by an increase in urbanization as people moved from rural areas to work in factories, which sometimes evolved into sweatshop conditions.
Furthermore, the Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, was a period of strict discipline and morality but also witnessed advances in democratic principles such as free education and the right to vote by a secret ballot.
It also saw the rise of socialism in response to the political, social, and economic upheavals resulting from the Industrial Revolution. The correct option is A.