Final answer:
Meteorological instruments include the thermometer for temperature, the barometer for atmospheric pressure, the hygrometer for humidity, the anemometer and wind vane for wind measurements, and the rain gauge for precipitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The following instruments are essential in the field of meteorology for various measurements pertaining to weather and atmospheric conditions:
- Thermometer: This tool measures temperature using materials that change in volume with temperature, such as mercury or alcohol. As these liquids heat up or cool down, they expand or contract, respectively, causing the visible liquid column to lengthen or shorten. Temperature is measured on scales that include Fahrenheit (°F), Celsius (°C), and Kelvin (K).
- Barometer: It measures atmospheric pressure. There are two main types: the mercury barometer, which measures pressure as the height of a mercury column, and the aneroid barometer, which uses the expansion and contraction of a spring within an evacuated metal capsule to measure pressure changes.
- Hygrometer: This tool measures humidity, or the amount of water vapor in the air.
- Anemometer: An instrument that measures wind speed. It is often coupled with a Wind Vane, which is used to determine the direction from which the wind is blowing.
- Rain Gauge: A tool used for measuring precipitation, specifically the amount of rainfall over a period of time.