Final answer:
Option (A), In the Republic of Texas, minorities faced challenges including widespread discrimination, religious intolerance, lack of political representation, economic inequality, and barriers to socio-cultural inclusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The challenges faced by minorities in the Republic of Texas encompassed a range of social, economic, and political issues. Discrimination was pervasive, manifesting in both legal and societal contexts, making it difficult for minorities to access equal opportunities and representation. With the official language being Malay and the official religion Islam, religious minorities faced significant religious intolerance and pressures towards cultural assimilation.
Economically, many minority groups were marginalized, experiencing economic inequality and limited access to markets, a phenomenon not unique to Texas but observed in the historical treatment of other minority groups like African Americans in the U.S. economy. Despite some minority groups carving out economic niches, this did not eliminate the overarching issue of discrimination, as was evident from the persistence of systemic inequality prior to the Civil Rights movement, even after the abolition of slavery.