Final answer:
To solve the problem, draw a Venn diagram with three circles representing the characteristics 'black', 'long hair', and 'short tail'. Assign the number of dogs in each category and fill in the Venn diagram accordingly. The answer is 2 dogs (option c).
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this problem, we can draw a Venn diagram with three circles representing the characteristics 'black', 'long hair', and 'short tail'. According to the question, we need to find the number of dogs that are black with long hair but do not have short tails.
Let's assign the number of dogs in each category:
Black: 10 dogs
Long hair: 12 dogs
Short tail: 4 dogs
We can now fill in the Venn diagram:
Black with long hair: 4 dogs
Black with long hair and without short tails: 2 dogs
Therefore, the answer is 2 dogs (option c).