Final answer:
Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction as it leads to genetically unique offspring by combining genetic material from two parents into haploid gametes, with processes like crossing-over adding genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction is best described by statement c) Meiosis results in offspring inheriting a unique combination of genes from both parents. During sexual reproduction, the genetic material of two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring that differ from their parents. Meiosis produces gametes, which are haploid cells containing half the number of chromosomes from each parent. This reduction from diploid to haploid is essential to maintain the chromosome number through generations.
Furthermore, meiosis introduces genetic variation through processes such as crossing-over, independent assortment of chromosomes, and the random fusion of gametes during fertilization. This variation is vital for the evolutionary success of species, as it allows for greater adaptability and survival in changing environments. Contrary to asexual reproduction, where offspring are genetically identical to the parent, sexual reproduction via meiosis and fertilization creates tremendous genetic variability among offspring.