Final answer:
Living organisms adapt to their environment through evolution by natural selection and inherited traits, with mutations introducing genetic variation. Biodiversity is measured by the variety of species and genetic diversity within those species. The correct answer is option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Adaptation and Biodiversity
All living organisms adapt to their environment through a process known as evolution by natural selection. This involves inheritable traits being passed down from one generation to the next, and those traits that confer a greater ability to survive and reproduce are more likely to be passed on. Mutations, which are random changes in an organism's genetic material, play a key role in this process by introducing new genetic variations that can lead to beneficial adaptations.
Diversity among living organisms is measured by examining the variety of species and the genetic variation within those species, known as biodiversity. Factors considered include the number of different species (species diversity) and the genetic variation within these species (genetic diversity). Ecosystems with a wealth of species and genetic variation are considered to be more diverse.
Therefore, the correct option in the final answer to the student's question is: b) Living organisms adapt through natural selection and inherited traits. Diversity is measured by the variety of species and genetic variation.