Final answer:
Confucian rituals mirror Confucianism by emphasizing respect for authority and tradition, using rituals as a means to inculcate moral virtues and societal duties. They serve to foster harmony and order via adherence to established social roles, forming part of what is seen as a 'civil religion' in Chinese culture.
a is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
Confucian rituals are a direct reflection of the philosophy of Confucius in that they emphasize respect for authority and tradition. According to Confucius, societal harmony and order were achievable through a well-structured society with clear hierarchical relationships, such as those between prince and minister, father and son, and husband and wife. In the philosophy of Confucianism, the concept of li (ritual and practice) is crucial for shaping moral responsibilities and transforming one's character.
Through Confucian rituals such as sacrificial offerings to ancestors, individuals cultivate filial piety and learn to prioritize societal obligations over personal desires. These rituals are not merely formalities but are means to develop and manifest moral virtues within the individual, fostering a sensitivity to human interactions and social cohesion. By participating in such rituals, one also honors and respects the cultural ideals that form the bedrock of what is often seen as a 'civil religion', providing a common basis for moral norms and guiding ethical behavior within society.
Thus, the correct option reflecting the reflection of Confucian philosophy in Confucian rituals is (a) Confucian rituals emphasize respect for authority and tradition. These practices are deeply interconnected with Confucian teachings, aiming at promoting a virtuous life and maintaining social order through a constant engagement with established norms and ethical development. It's also important to recognize that Confucianism has both shaped and been shaped by Chinese culture, politics, and moral thought throughout history.