Final answer:
Option (C), Sir Walter Raleigh was a multi-talented figure who played a significant role in attempting to colonize Roanoke and was also notable for his hostility towards Catholic Spain, enriching England through privateering.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who was a soldier, seaman, philosopher, historian, and poet, as well as being instrumental in attempts to colonize Roanoke, is Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh shared his half-brother Gilbert's dream of establishing a North American English colony. He was a prominent figure at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, becoming a man of wealth and power.
As a devout Protestant, Raleigh strongly opposed Catholic Spain and saw Spanish wealth as an opportunity for England. Through acts of privateering, attacking Spanish galleons filled with gold, Raleigh and other sailors enriched themselves and England, while maintaining England's diplomatic neutrality since they did not operate under the English Crown's flag.