Final answer:
Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes, phagocytes are white blood cells that destroy pathogens, mutagens cause mutations in DNA, a bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria, and polypeptides are chains of amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
a) Polygenic: Polygenic refers to a trait that is controlled by multiple genes. An example of a polygenic trait is human height, which is influenced by the combined effects of many different genes.
b) Phagocyte: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens or foreign particles. They play a critical role in the immune system's defense against infections.
c) Mutagen: A mutagen is any substance or agent that can cause changes, or mutations, in DNA. Examples of mutagens include certain chemicals, radiation, and some viruses.
d) Bacteriophage: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Bacteriophages are widely used in genetic research and biotechnology.
e) Polypeptide: A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Polypeptides are the building blocks of proteins and are synthesized during the process of translation.