Final answer:
Liver spots are dominant over black spots in Dalmatian dogs. The genotype of the liver-spotted puppy is bb. The mother can be either Bb or bb, and the father can be either Bb or BB.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Dalmatian dogs, black spots (B) and liver spots (b) are determined by alleles at a single gene locus. When two black-spotted Dalmatian parents produce a liver-spotted puppy, it indicates that liver spots are dominant over black spots. This means that the presence of the liver allele (b) masks the expression of the black allele (B).
The genotype of the liver-spotted puppy would be bb, as it inherited the liver allele from both parents.
The genotype of the mother would be either Bb or bb, while the genotype of the father would be either Bb or BB.
The genotypes and phenotypes of all puppies these parents could produce would depend on the genotype of the parents. If both parents are heterozygous (Bb), they could produce both black-spotted (BB or Bb) and liver-spotted (bb) puppies. If one parent is homozygous for black spots (BB) and the other is homozygous for liver spots (bb), then all the puppies would be heterozygous for black spots (Bb).