Final answer:
Not all industrial workers were recent immigrants; they faced exploitation, hazardous conditions, and sometimes included child labor, but the claim that all were recent immigrants is false. Correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "they were always recent immigrants" was NOT true of industrial workers. While many factory workers were immigrants, not all of them were recent arrivals.
Industrial workers faced a variety of harsh conditions: they were often exploited for the company's profit, risked their lives and their health in their jobs, and in many cases included children among their ranks.
Although working in industry did come with the advantage of relatively higher wages compared to agricultural work, the jobs remained hazardous and the workers had to endure poor working conditions with long working hours and low wages. Business owners were driven by profit and often neglected the safety and well-being of their workers.