Final answer:
The majority of Eastern Europe and Western Russia indeed have a humid continental climate, characterized by type D climates with hot summers and cold, harsh winters, and significant precipitation throughout the year.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the majority of Eastern Europe and Western Russia have a humid continental climate is true. These regions are characterized by type D climates, also known as cold or continental climates, which feature large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation falls throughout the year, with snow during the winter months. For example, a range of climates is observable from the cold D climates of Eastern Europe and Western Russia, to the warmer C climates moderated by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
The vast landmass of Russia is mostly covered by type D (continental) climates, well known for their hot summers and cold, harsh winters. This is especially true for the large central areas of the continent, which experience great extremes due to being far from the ocean's moderating influence. Taiga is the biome that is commonly associated with this climate type in the region, comprised mostly of coniferous forests.