Final answer:
In ancient Mesopotamia, significant contributions that are still used today include the inventions of B) writing and the wheel, developments in mathematics and astronomy, and engineering achievements like irrigation systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inventions, technologies, and schools of thought that emerged in ancient Mesopotamia and are still commonly used today include B) writing and the wheel. Mesopotamia is often recognized as the cradle of civilization, where many foundational aspects of modern society originally developed. Some of their lasting contributions include the first systems of writing, such as cuneiform script, advancements in mathematics, and significant engineering feats like irrigation systems and ziggurats.
The wheel, one of the most pivotal innovations, revolutionized transportation and machinery. The Mesopotamians' contributions to astronomy included mapping the stars and developing a timekeeping system that influenced today's 60-minute hour and 360-degree circle. These inventions and scholarly pursuits laid the groundwork for many modern disciplines and technologies.