Final answer:
King Philip IV established the first French parliament and notably confronted the authority of the Pope, leading to significant conflicts with the papacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The king who helped to establish the first parliament in France and often challenged the authority of the Pope was Philip IV. He is also known for his conflicts with the papacy, particularly with Pope Boniface VIII. Philip IV's desire to tax the clergy without papal approval led to significant disputes, culminating in the attempted kidnapping of Boniface VIII in 1303. Furthermore, during his reign, the papacy was moved to Avignon, which began a period commonly referred to as the Avignon Papacy, where the Popes were under the influence of the French Kings.