Final answer:
The Declaration of Independence applied John Locke's ideas by embracing his natural rights theory of life, liberty, and property, which Thomas Jefferson adapted to 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.' Locke's social contract theory, which justifies overthrowing a government that fails to protect these rights, also greatly influenced the document's philosophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Locke's Influence on the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence drew heavily upon the ideas of John Locke, especially those presented in his work Second Treatise of Government. Locke's concept of natural rights, which included life, liberty, and property, inspired Thomas Jefferson to incorporate similar ideas in the Declaration.
In the document, Jefferson rephrased 'property' to 'the pursuit of happiness' but the essence of Locke's influence is evident. The Declaration's assertion that 'all men are created equal' and its claim that individuals possess inalienable rights are direct reflections of Locke's social contract theory.
This theory argued that a government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed and its role is to protect these fundamental rights. If a government fails to protect these rights or becomes tyrannical, Locke believed people have the right to withdraw consent and establish a new governing body.
The ideas of Locke's natural rights and the social contract were not just philosophical abstractions; they became the bedrock principles upon which America was to build its new government.
Consequently, the Enlightenment principles articulated in the Declaration of Independence have continued to resonate throughout American history, influencing a wide range of social and political movements seeking to expand the rights and liberties of various groups within the society.