Final answer:
The best method for extracting water from an aquifer is by drilling below the water table, within the saturated zone where groundwater is present.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most effective method for extracting water from an aquifer using a well is A. Drilling below the water table. This is where groundwater is located in the saturated zone of the aquifer, where the pore spaces in rocks and soil are filled with water. Drilling below the aquifer or below impermeable rock would not access the water-bearing formation effectively, and drilling near another well could lead to lower yields due to interference. Moreover, as groundwater stress increases due to factors like over-extraction and climate change, maintaining sustainable practices in water well installation and management becomes crucial.