Final answer:
John Locke justifies it is wrong to harm one's life, liberty, health, or property by referencing natural rights and the social contract theory. These rights exist before the government is formed and are protected by the government that arises from a social contract to safeguard the common good.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Locke provides the justification for the claim that it is wrong to do harm to one's life, liberty, health, or property, based on the concepts of natural rights and the social contract theory. In Locke's philosophy, which is grounded in moral law and natural justice, individuals have inherent rights to life, liberty, and property stemming from their status as God's creations and owing to the law of nature.
These rights are pre-political and exist prior to the formation of any government. The government is, therefore, formed through a social contract with the purpose of protecting these inalienable rights. Moreover, Locke's concept of the state of nature includes the right of individuals to own property through their labor and that such ownership should never cause harm to others.
The transfer from the state of nature to a governed society is done to protect these natural rights more effectively and to maintain societal order, with the ultimate goal being the preservation of life, liberty, and property.