Question

Most organisms cannot survive in temperatures higher than 40 degrees Celsius (°C). When temperatures are sustained above 40°C, the organism’s enzymes become inactive and the organism eventually dies; however, bacteria have been observed to survive in hot springs with temperatures above 40°C. Which of the following is the best explanation for these bacteria surviving at higher temperatures?

A) Bacteria have evolved enzymes that remain active at high temperatures.
B) Bacteria have a protective outer layer that shields them from extreme temperatures.
C) Bacteria have a unique metabolic process that allows them to survive in high temperatures.
D) Bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with other organisms that help them withstand high temperatures.

Answer 1

Bacteria known as thermophiles have enzymes that function optimally at high temperatures, enabling them to survive in environments like hot springs where temperatures exceed 40°C.

Step-by-step explanation:

The best explanation for bacteria surviving at temperatures above 40°C is A) Bacteria have evolved enzymes that remain active at high temperatures. Organisms like thermophiles have adapted to thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and geysers, where temperatures can approach or exceed 100°C. These bacteria have evolved to have enzymes with optimum temperatures that are much higher than those in most other organisms, allowing them to maintain their metabolism and grow in conditions that would inactivate the enzymes of most other life forms. An excellent example of such an enzyme is the Taq polymerase, which has an optimum temperature of 72°C, well above what would denature most enzymes.