Final answer:
The Reconstruction plans varied from Lincoln's lenient Ten Percent Plan, which aimed for swift reunification, to the Radical Republicans' desire for strict measures and safeguards for freed slaves' civil rights. Johnson sought quick reintegration with leniency similar to Lincoln, while Congress, led by Radical Republicans, pushed for tougher terms and expanded rights for freed individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Radical Republicans' plan, Johnson's plan, Lincoln's plan, and the Wade-Davis plan were all proposals for the Reconstruction of the Southern states after the Civil War. The main differences among these plans pertained to how lenient or harsh the terms of the Southern states' reintegration into the Union should be, and the extent of rights to be provided to freed slaves.
President Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan was the most lenient, offering amnesty and requiring only ten percent of voters in a state to take a loyalty oath. The Wade-Davis Bill, proposed by Radical Republicans, demanded harsher terms but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln. After Lincoln's assassination, President Andrew Johnson wanted to swiftly reincorporate the South back into the Union with similarly lenient terms, and he opposed giving the federal government control over providing voting rights to formerly enslaved people. In contrast, Radical Republicans sought to implement a plan for Reconstruction that imposed stricter terms on the South and safeguarded the civil rights of freedmen.
The Radical Republicans' efforts eventually led to the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau, which focused on aiding the transition from a slave labor to a free labor system, emphasizing the expansion of civil rights for freed slaves, though it fell short of redistribution of land to them.