Final answer:
The term most closely associated with algorithms is 'code', which is the language used to write algorithms for computation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the language that is most closely associated with algorithms is code. Algorithms are detailed, step-by-step instructions that define a process intended to be implemented in programming, and code is the language used to write these algorithms so that computers can understand and execute them. For example, common coding languages like Python, Java, and C++ are frequently used to create algorithms that perform various functions, from simple calculations to complex data analysis.