Final answer:
Educated Africans organized nationalist movements to fight for independence from European colonial powers due to economic exploitation, political subjugation, and the suppression of African systems under colonial rule. The main motive of nineteenth-century imperialism, such as the scramble for Africa, was to gain access to raw materials, which was formalized by the Berlin Conference.
Step-by-step explanation:
Educated Africans organized nationalist movements in the era of new African Imperialism primarily C. To fight for independence from European colonial powers. This was in response to the intense exploitation that occurred under colonial rule, where European nations used African resources and people to fuel their own industrial economies. Unfair trade practices, the displacement of African peoples, the introduction of taxes and forced labor, the suppression of African political and economic systems, and the spread of diseases, all contributed to the motivation for nationalist movements.
For instance, one of the main motives of nineteenth-century imperialism, as exemplified in the scramble for Africa, was c. gaining access to raw materials for European industrial economies. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, which was organized to b. decide which European countries possessed different parts of Africa, essentially formalizing this division without considering the claims and rights of the African people themselves.
The rise of nationalism and the desire for independence from European colonial powers were influenced by a myriad of factors, including economic exploitation, political subjugation, and the desire to establish self-rule and recover traditional lands and governance systems that had been disrupted by colonial rule.