Final answer:
The piece "Estampie" is an example of a) instrumental music, a popular genre during the medieval period used for courtly and theatrical entertainment. It represents dance music, often improvised and distinct from liturgical forms like masses or Gregorian chants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The listening piece "Estampie" is an example of instrumental music. This genre was popular during the medieval period for both courtly entertainment and theatrical production. The Estampie is a type of medieval dance music and was one of the largest purely instrumental genres. Such pieces were often improvised around familiar musical patterns or tropes and were not bound by the liturgical forms of the time like masses or Gregorian chants, nor were they part of the courtly love tradition of vocal and poetic compositions.
Medieval secular music comprised a variety of genres, including the German Lied, Italian frottola, French chanson, and more, but the Estampie belongs to the instrumental tradition. Musical instruments used during the medieval period to perform such pieces include the lute, psaltery, and flute, which at the time were made from materials such as wood.