Final answer:
Soil formation involves various processes resulting in layered soil profiles, with erosion predominantly caused by water and wind. Soil characteristics are dependent on its physical properties and the condition of the earth's crust. These factors are crucial in understanding the environment and the impact of human activities such as deforestation on soil.
Step-by-step explanation:
Soil formation results from a combination of biological, physical, and chemical processes. The uppermost layer of the earth's crust that supports plant life and includes soil is known for its ongoing transformative changes due to these processes. Soil profiles develop distinct layers or horizons because of these factors.
Soil erosion is a significant environmental issue caused by the movement of water and wind. The geographic area of India and the Earth's surface coverage by water are data points that are important in understanding various geographical concepts and the influence of human activities, like deforestation, on soil conditions.
Finally, soil's physical properties are central to its composition and classification, with a typical soil profile consisting of several layers including the O, A, B, and C horizons. The O horizon contains organic matter while the A horizon is a blend of organic and inorganic material, the B horizon accumulates fine materials, and the C horizon includes the parent material of the soil.