Final answer:
The statement about repeated trials and replication being the same is false. Repeated trials ensure consistency of results, while replication involves repeating the experiment, often by others, to confirm findings. Proper replication is crucial for validating results and avoiding pseudo-replication. Option B is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Repeated trials and replication in the context of scientific experiments are not the same thing; thus, the statement is B)False. Repeated trials involve performing the same experiment multiple times to ensure consistency in the results to reduce the impact of random chance.
Replication, however, refers to the repetition of the entire experiment, often by other researchers, to confirm the findings are not peculiar to one set of experimental conditions or due to any potential biases of the original experimenters.
It's important to have sufficient replication in experiments to ensure that observed effects are genuine and not due to chance or specific conditions, which is why other researchers attempting to replicate the findings is critical.
The ideal replication involves independent samples and conditions to avoid issues like pseudo-replication, where replication appears to be sufficient, but the samples are not truly independent. Statistical power and the avoidance of Type II errors are also dependent on appropriate replication and study design.