Final answer:
Large-scale urbanization and population growth lead to increased pollution, depletion of fresh water supplies, and degradation of natural habitats, which result in decreased biodiversity and environmental stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some effects of large-scale urbanization and a rapid increase in population on the physical environment include increased pollution of the air, water, and land, exhaustion of fresh water supplies, and habitat destruction which may lead to biodiversity loss. As cities become larger and more densely populated, inadequate housing, sanitation, and transportation systems can contribute to environmental degradation.
This urban expansion often leads to significant stress on wildlife and natural habitats, leading to a decrease in plant and animal diversity. Moreover, the increased demand for land, water, food, and energy exacerbates these issues, resulting in the destruction of habitats and unsustainable resource use. In addition, the industrial activities required to support these growing populations can lead to air and water pollution and contribute to climate change by increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.