Final answer:
Option (a), The most debated subject between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention was representation in Congress, which was resolved by the Great Compromise, leading to the current bicameral legislature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Subject of Most Debate at the Constitutional Convention
The subject of the most debate between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention was representation in Congress. The significant contention arose from differing opinions on how states should be represented in the national legislature. Delegates from larger states like Virginia argued for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population, which would benefit states with larger populations.
On the other hand, delegates from smaller states sought to maintain equal representation for all states, irrespective of population size, fearing they would be overwhelmed by the interests of larger states. This conflict reflected broader concerns about government abuse, the balance between law and order and individual liberty, and ensuring that the rights of smaller states were not eclipsed by more populous ones.
The solution to this impasse came in the form of the Great Compromise, which proposed a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives based on population (pleasing larger states) and a Senate with equal representation for all states (satisfying smaller states). This compromise was crucial in shaping the structure of the United States government and reflected a blending of nationalist and federalist views.