Final answer:
The Heartland Theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder, has been influential in shaping the geopolitics of the past century. It focuses on the control of the Eurasian landmass, known as the Heartland, as a means to dominate the world. This theory has influenced major conflicts and alliances, including World War II and the Cold War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Heartland Theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder in 1904, has been influential concerning the geopolitics of the past century. According to this theory, control of the Eurasian landmass, or the 'Heartland', would give a state the power to dominate the world. The Heartland, consisting of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and parts of Russia, has been a strategic focus for global powers throughout history.
In the past century, World War II and the Cold War were heavily influenced by the Heartland Theory. The conflict between the Soviet Union and the Western powers, particularly the United States, can be seen as an embodiment of the struggle for control over the Heartland. The geopolitical considerations of this theory shaped the formation of alliances, proxy wars, and foreign policies during this period.
Today, the Heartland Theory continues to be relevant in the study of international relations and geopolitics. The rise of China as a global power and its expanding influence in Eurasia can be understood within the framework of the Heartland Theory.